Mathematics and Philosophy  

 

In India, mathematics is related to Philosophy. We can find mathematical 
concepts like Zero ( Shoonyavada ), One ( Advaitavada ) and Infinity 
(Poornavada ) in Philosophia Indica. 

The Sine Tables of Aryabhata and Madhava, which gives correct sine values or values of  24 R Sines, at intervals of 3 degrees 45 minutes and the trignometric tables of 
Brahmagupta, which gives correct sine and tan values for every 5 degrees influenced 
Christopher Clavius, who headed the Gregorian Calender Reforms of 1582. These 
correct trignometric tables solved the problem of the three Ls, ( Longitude, Latitude and 
Loxodromes ) for the Europeans, who were looking for solutions to their navigational 
problem ! It is said that Matteo Ricci was sent to India for this purpose and the 
Europeans triumphed with Indian knowledge ! 

The Western mathematicians have indeed lauded Indian Maths & Astronomy. Here are 
some quotations from maths geniuses about the long forgotten Indian Maths ! 

In his famous dissertation titled “Remarks on the astronomy of Indians” in 1790, 
the famous Scottish mathematician, John Playfair said 

“The Constructions and these tables imply a great knowledge of 
geometry,arithmetic and even of the theoretical part of astronomy.But what, 
without doubt is to be accounted,the greatest refinement in this system, is 
the hypothesis employed in calculating the equation of the centre for the 
Sun,Moon and the planets that of a circular orbit having a double 
eccentricity or having its centre in the middle between the earth and the 
point about which the angular motion is uniform.If to this we add the great 
extent of the geometrical knowledge required to combine this and the other 
principles of their astronomy together and to deduce from them the just 
conclusion;the possession of a calculus equivalent to trigonometry and 
lastly their approximation to the quadrature of the circle, we shall be 
astonished at the magnitude of that body of science which must have 
enlightened the inhabitants of India in some remote age and which whatever 
it may have communicated to the Western nations appears to have received 
another from them….” 

Albert Einstein commented “We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, 
without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.” 

The great Laplace, who wrote the glorious Mechanique Celeste, remarked 

“The ingenious method of expressing every possible number 
using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute 
value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its 
significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its 
simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic 
foremost amongst useful inventions. The importance of this invention is more 
readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest 
men of antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius.”


 Q – What is the meaning behind the saying ” Man’s life is nothing but one day?”.


A – We have already said that the daily motion of the Sun is roughly one degree per day.


In the Great Solar Clock of the Universe ( Precessional Cycle ), precession is calculated at 72 years per degree ( 72*360 = 25920 ). Man’s life was estimated at 72 years and since it is only one degree ( one day in the solar cycle ) traversed by the Vernal Equinoctial Point, man’s life was considered as movement of one degree or one day !

https://ajiio.in/woslXgV

SATURN IN THAILAND

Shani, the deity of Justice, Destiny and Retribution, has His presence in Thailand. In ancient Siam, one can see his statue.

Saturn, the melancholy planet, was rising at the birth of Dante. He is prominent in the horoscopes of Goethe and other poets and philosophers like Sankara. Without His Grace, liberation is not possible.

The most ancient Civilization was the Vedic and Dr Kenneth Chandler puts the origin at 4900 BC. According to him, the Aryan Invasion Theory is not correct.

Will Durant opined that India ” is the mother of us all, through Sanskrit, the mother of Europe’s languages”.

Dr Kenneth Chandler writes

“The original theory proposed by the early historical linguistics who considered these issues was that Vedic Sanskrit conserved the original sound system of the “proto-Indo-European” language most closely, and that Iranian and European languages underwent a systematic sound shift, creating break-away or daughter languages spoken by the people who populated India and Europe. According to this theory, Vedic Sanskrit was put at near the trunk of the proto-Indo-European language tree, if not the trunk itself.

This theory has been challenged and hotly debated in recent years, most especially by
computer linguists.

Since the 1990s, it is now common for computer linguists to hold
that Sanskrit is not so near the root of the Indo-European language tree, but a
subsequent branch. A currently dominant theory is that the original Indo-European
language stemmed from an Indo-European proto-language that has since been lost.
The first languages to break off from the proto-Indo-European root, according to the
dominant contemporary linguistic theories, was Anatolian (the language of what is now
central Turkey), followed by Celtic (a language found in nearby Thrace in northeastern Greece, and also Ireland suggesting that there was a commerce or colonization between Ireland and early Thrace), then Greek, and then Armenian. According to these theories, the Indian and Iranian language groups are still later branches off the proto-Indo-European “root.”

The linguistic evidence appears to imply migrations of people from the Black Sea area
into India, and yet there is no anthropological evidence to support either a migration into northern India, or an invasion. Evidence from skeletal remains, as we saw, as well as pottery and other artifacts, show no cultural replacement at any time in north Indian Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov, “Family Tree of the Indo-European Languages,” Scientific American, March, 1990, p. 110 and following.

Dr. Don Ringe and Dr. Ann Taylor, two linguists at the University of Pennsylvania, with the help of computer scientist Dr. Tandy Warnow, developed a computer algorithm to sift through the Indo- European languages and look for grammatical and phonetic similarities between them. Their work, published in 1996, has thrown up four possible family trees. “We have come up with a favorite,” says Dr. Warnow. The tree shows that the first breakaway language was Anatolian, an ancient group of languages once spoken in Turkey. Celtic was quick to follow, spawning Irish, Gaelic, Welsh and Breton. Armenian and Greek then developed from proto-Into-European. Strangely enough, one of the later branches to emerge, according to the runs of the computer programs, was Sanskrit.

It is interesting that the Celts settled in Thrace in northern Greece, just a short distance from Anatolia. Thrace was the birthplace of the Orphic mysteries which swept into Greece in the sixth century BC. Celtic is one of the earliest languages, along with Anatolian and Greek, to break off from the Indo European proto-language. The technique for self-knowledge described by Socrates were said to have come from Thrace. The Anatolians of central Turkey occupied the area near where the pre-Socratic tradition sprang up in the sixth century BC. This suggests that a technique was passed from India into the Celtic language.

https://ajiio.in/woslXgV